Heart-related emergencies are often confused, with “heart attack” and “cardiac arrest” used interchangeably. While both are serious and life-threatening, they are distinct conditions with different causes, symptoms, and treatments. Understanding the differences could save a life.
1. What is a Heart Attack?
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually due to a buildup of plaque in the arteries. This lack of oxygen-rich blood can damage or destroy the heart muscle.
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
- Chest pain or discomfort (often described as pressure, tightness, or squeezing)
- Pain radiating to the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
- Shortness of breath
- Cold sweats
- Nausea or vomiting
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
Tip: Symptoms can vary between men and women. Women are more likely to experience nausea, fatigue, and pain in the back or jaw.
What to Do in a Heart Attack
- Call 911 immediately.
- Stay calm and seated to reduce strain on the heart.
- Chew and swallow aspirin (if not allergic) to help thin the blood.
2. What is Cardiac Arrest?
Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating due to a malfunction in its electrical system. This causes the heart to fail in pumping blood to the brain, lungs, and other organs, leading to unconsciousness and, without immediate treatment, death within minutes.
Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest
- Sudden collapse
- No pulse
- No breathing
- Loss of consciousness
What to Do in Cardiac Arrest
- Call 911 immediately.
- Start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to maintain blood flow.
- Use an AED (automated external defibrillator) if available.
Tip: Time is critical. Every minute without intervention decreases survival chances by 10%.
3. Key Differences Between Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest
| Aspect | Heart Attack | Cardiac Arrest |
| Cause | Blocked blood flow to the heart | Electrical malfunction causing heart to stop |
| Symptoms | Chest pain, shortness of breath, cold sweats | Sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing |
| Onset | Gradual (often hours or days of warning signs) | Sudden and immediate |
| Treatment | Restore blood flow (e.g., angioplasty) | CPR and defibrillation |
4. Can a Heart Attack Lead to Cardiac Arrest?
Yes, a heart attack can trigger cardiac arrest if the heart’s electrical system is disrupted. This is why seeking immediate medical attention during a heart attack is crucial to prevent complications.
Tip: Early intervention can prevent a heart attack from escalating into cardiac arrest.
5. Preventing Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest
a. Heart Attack Prevention
- Maintain a heart-healthy diet (rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains).
- Exercise regularly (150 minutes of moderate activity per week).
- Manage risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
b. Cardiac Arrest Prevention
- Regular health check-ups to monitor heart health.
- Recognize and treat underlying heart conditions, such as arrhythmias.
- Learn CPR to assist others in emergencies.
Tip: Knowing your family history of heart disease can help in taking preventive steps.
Final Thoughts
Understanding the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest is vital for proper response and prevention. While heart attacks are caused by blocked blood flow, cardiac arrest results from an electrical malfunction. Both require immediate medical attention and quick action. Stay informed, know the signs, and be prepared to act—it could save a life.